Leg Weakness: Possible Causes and Related Symptoms (2024)

Leg Weakness: Possible Causes and Related Symptoms (1)

Medically Reviewed By Meredith Goodwin, MD, FAAFP

— Written By Healthgrades Editorial Staff

Updated on September 12, 2022

Leg weakness may develop in one or both legs. It can occur due to illness or fatigue but may have more serious causes.Sudden onset of muscle weakness in any part of your body, including the legs, can be a sign of stroke. This is a potentially life threatening condition in which part of the brain is deprived of oxygen.

Certain neuromuscular diseases can cause leg weakness. Toxins such as botulinum toxin (Botox) and certain medications can also cause weakness in the legs.

This article will focus on conditions that cause loss of strength in the leg muscles. It will also discuss treatment options and when to seek medical care for leg weakness.

Stroke

Sudden leg weakness can be a sign of stroke, a potentially life threatening condition.

Warning signs of stroke

Seek immediate medical care (call 911) for leg weakness that occurs suddenly, particularly if it is felt on one side of the body or occurs with serious symptoms such as:

  • arm weakness
  • paralysis or inability to move any body part
  • loss of balance or coordination
  • numbness
  • facial drooping
  • difficulty speaking or understanding speech
  • loss of bladder or bowel control
  • blurred vision or double vision
  • fainting or change in consciousness
  • severe headache
  • fever higher than 101°F (38°C)

A TIA may also be referred to as a “mini stroke.” It can have symptoms similar to a stroke but only last for a short time. Symptoms of a TIA can last Trusted Source American Stroke Association Highly respected international organization Go to source anywhere from a few minutes to a full day.

Even though a TIA might appear to go away on its own, it could be an early sign ofa larger stroke. Call 911 for any symptoms of a TIA.

Sciatica

Leg Weakness: Possible Causes and Related Symptoms (2)

Sciatica is a common Trusted Source PubMed Central Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health Go to source type of nerve pain that can cause leg weakness. It results from compression of the sciatic nerve, the largest Trusted Source PubMed Central Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health Go to source nerve in the body. This nerve runs from the base of the spine through the buttocks and down each leg.

Other symptoms

In addition to leg weakness, symptoms of sciatica may include:

  • lower back pain, typically on one side
  • pain or burning sensation in the buttocks
  • pricking or pins-and-needles sensation
  • leg that feels “heavy”
  • reduced range of motion

Learn more about sciatica causes, risk factors, and treatments.

Spine conditions

Other conditions affecting the spinal cord, backbone (vertebrae), or nerves exiting the spinal cord can all cause leg weakness. These conditions include:

  • spinal stenosis
  • herniated disc
  • arthritis affecting the spine
  • spinal cord abscess or tumor
  • trauma or injury to the spinal column
  • degenerative disc disease

Other symptoms

Along with weakness in the legs, other symptoms that may indicate a spine condition include:

  • pain in the back that may radiate to other areas
  • burning sensation
  • numbness
  • tingling or pins-and-needles sensation
  • back pain that occurs with a fever higher than 100.4°F (38°C)
  • back pain that occurs during sleep
  • stiffness upon waking
  • pain that gets worse when lying down

If you experience leg weakness along with any of these symptoms, contact your doctor right away for an evaluation. It may be Trusted Source PubMed Central Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health Go to source an indication of a serious spine condition that requires prompt treatment.

Neuromuscular disease

Neuromuscular diseases can decrease function in muscles and nerves, including those in the legs.

Neuromuscular conditions that can have leg weakness as a symptom include:

  • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
  • multiple sclerosis (MS)
  • muscular dystrophy
  • myasthenia gravis
  • cerebral palsy
  • fibromyalgia
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome
  • spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

SMA primarily affects infants and young children. According to the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA), an early symptom of SMA type 2 is muscle weakness in the legs. This typically presents in children ages 3 to 15 months. If your child shows any signs of muscle weakness, contact your pediatrician right away.

Other symptoms

Neuromuscular diseases can cause other symptoms along with leg weakness, including:

  • muscle weakness in the:
    • neck
    • arms
    • hands
    • fingers
  • muscle twitches and cramps
  • muscle stiffness
  • vision changes
  • lack of facial muscle control
  • shortness of breath
  • difficulty swallowing
  • trouble with speech
  • paralysis

Medications

Certain treatments and medications may cause muscle weakness, including:

  • botulinum toxin (Botox)
  • statins
  • corticosteroids

Other symptoms

Other symptoms and side effects due to medications or exposure to toxins include:

  • muscle aches and pains
  • weight gain
  • high blood sugar and diabetes
  • allergic reaction

Treatments for leg weakness

Treatment for leg weakness will focus on addressing the underlying cause of the condition.

Stroke

Stroke requires emergency treatment as soon as symptoms appear. Remember to think F.A.S.T.:

  • facial drooping
  • arm weakness
  • slurred speech
  • time to call 911

Recovery after a stroke may involve a team of care professionals to help address a variety of needs.

Learn what to expect during recovery after a stroke.

Sciatica

Many cases of sciatica resolve Trusted Source PubMed Central Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health Go to source with home treatment in 4–6 weeks. This can include rest, hot or cold packs, and over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers.

If symptoms of sciatica persist or worsen, your doctor may recommend medical therapies including:

  • muscle relaxants
  • prescription pain relievers
  • oral corticosteroids
  • corticosteroid injections to the affected area
  • physical therapy

If a structural issue in the spine is causing your sciatica, your doctor may discuss surgical treatment options.

Spine conditions

Similar to sciatica, initial treatment for many spine conditions focuses on non-invasive measures, including:

  • physical therapy
  • OTC pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • prescription pain relievers
  • muscle relaxants

Other treatments for spine conditions may include:

  • steroid injections to reduce inflammation
  • antibiotics to treat an infection or abscess on the spine
  • chemotherapy or radiation to treat tumors on the spine

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to treat the underlying cause of a spine condition. This may include laminectomy or discectomy to address compression of the nerves.

Neuromuscular disease

Treatment for neuromuscular disease can vary widely depending on the type. Your doctor will assess your specific condition and suggest treatment options that may be best for you.

According to the MDA, possible treatments for neuromuscular disease can include:

  • medications, including corticosteroids
  • speech therapy
  • physical therapy
  • breathing assistance
  • assistive devices such as standing frames, braces, and wheelchairs

You may also be able to access new treatment options by participating in clinical trials. Talk with your doctor about your eligibility for clinical trials near you.

Medications

Leg weakness may be a side effect of certain medications. If you suspect medication may be causing your leg weakness, contact your doctor. They can suggest alternative treatments that may have less challenging side effects.

Frequently asked questions

The following frequently asked questions have been reviewed by Meredith Goodwin, M.D.

Does COVID-19 cause weakness in the legs?

COVID-19 can cause weakness in the legs. An early 2022 analysis found that musculoskeletal symptoms occurred in people with mild to moderate COVID-19. Symptoms of muscle weakness can also persist in cases of long COVID, making it difficult for some to maintain daily activities.

Can a deficiency cause weakness in the legs?

A thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency can cause a condition known asdry beriberi, which affects the central nervous system. Symptoms can include Trusted Source PubMed Central Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health Go to source loss of feeling or muscle control in the legs and feet. Deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folate can also cause numbness and weakness in legs.

Can heart problems cause weakness in the legs?

Yes. Heart failure makes it more difficult for blood to reach your legs and feet. This can result Trusted Source PubMed Central Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health Go to source in muscle weakness and fatigue. A prolonged vitamin B1 deficiency can also cause Trusted Source PubMed Central Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health Go to source cardiovascular symptoms and lead to wet beriberi. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

Summary

Leg weakness can result from sciatica, spine conditions, neuromuscular disease, and certain medications. Sudden leg weakness may be a sign of stroke. Call 911 for any sudden muscle weakness, particularly if it occurs with facial drooping, severe headache, or slurred speech.

Treatment for leg weakness varies depending on the underlying cause. Your doctor can provide you with an accurate diagnosis and discuss treatment options that are right for you.

Leg Weakness: Possible Causes and Related Symptoms (2024)

FAQs

Leg Weakness: Possible Causes and Related Symptoms? ›

Summary. Weakness in the legs is a common symptom of many health conditions and injuries, including autoimmune diseases, spinal conditions and injuries, and stroke. Often, leg weakness will resolve over time, but in some cases, it can be a medical emergency, especially if the weakness comes on suddenly.

What is the most common cause of leg weakness? ›

Summary. Weakness in the legs is a common symptom of many health conditions and injuries, including autoimmune diseases, spinal conditions and injuries, and stroke. Often, leg weakness will resolve over time, but in some cases, it can be a medical emergency, especially if the weakness comes on suddenly.

What causes leg weakness in seniors? ›

Weak legs are a common problem in seniors because we lose muscle mass as we get older. As we age, we tend to become less active, and this causes a reduction in our muscle strength.

What doctor to see for weak legs? ›

Many different health problems cause weakened muscles. See your neurologist to get a diagnosis if you continue to suffer with weakened muscles that have no known cause. Your neurologist will conduct a thorough examination in addition to taking your family history into account.

Is walking good for weak legs? ›

Walking and running are great ways to build leg strength. However, over time, your legs become accustomed to the motion and eventually can hit a plateau. This could also limit your performance. Here are some tips to increase your leg strength, which could lead to longer and more productive sessions.

What does MS leg weakness feel like? ›

The weakness can make your legs feel heavy, as if they are being weighed down by something. They may also ache and hurt. Some people with MS describe it as like having bags of sand attached to their legs. This muscle weakness combined with MS fatigue can be upsetting.

What is the best vitamin for weak legs? ›

Vitamins D, B1, B12, iron, potassium, and magnesium can all help to improve leg fatigue. If you are experiencing tired legs, it is important to eat a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.

How can I make my weak legs strong again? ›

Exercises to try at home
  1. Step ups. Step up a stair, alternating left foot and right foot. ...
  2. Chair squat. Stand in front of a chair and squat down slowly as if to sit down. ...
  3. Standing heel raises. Stand behind a chair with both hands on the chair back. ...
  4. Standing toe raises. ...
  5. Single leg balance.
Feb 7, 2023

Why am I losing strength in my legs? ›

Weakness in the legs may happen for a variety of reasons. These can include DOMS, spinal problems, neuropathy, ALS, stroke, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Weakness in the legs may affect one leg or both and may come on suddenly or days or weeks.

When should you go to the hospital for leg weakness? ›

Sudden leg weakness could indicate a serious medical issue, such as a stroke. Head to the nearest emergency room or call 911 if you're not sure what's going on. Other conditions can also cause leg weakness or difficulty walking.

What is the best exercise for seniors to strengthen their legs? ›

Top 10 Leg Exercise for Seniors
  1. Seated Leg Extensions. Seated leg extensions are perfect for beginners and can be done anywhere. ...
  2. Ankle Circles. Ankle circles improve flexibility and circulation, reducing the risk of injuries and falls. ...
  3. Chair Squats. ...
  4. Standing Knee Lifts. ...
  5. Calf Raises. ...
  6. Side Leg Raises. ...
  7. Toe Taps. ...
  8. Leg Curls.
Jan 9, 2024

Why do seniors have trouble getting up from the floor? ›

Even if a bone isn't broken, sometimes older adults have trouble getting up from a fall without assistance. This is partly because people don't learn this skill and partly because people become more stiff and less agile as they get older.

How can I test my legs for weakness at home? ›

Lift up the good leg. Then do a deep squat on the involved leg. Let the knee bend more than 90 degrees. If you can do five of these squats without too much effort, you probably do not have motor weakness.

Should I be worried if my legs feel weak? ›

Sudden weakness in the legs may be a sign of a medical emergency such as stroke or cauda equina syndrome and any sudden or unexplained leg weakness should warrant immediate medical attention.

What medication is good for leg weakness? ›

Treatments for Leg Weakness
  • Guided steroid injections into the spine or knee joints to reduce inflammation.
  • Physical therapy.
  • Medications like over-the-counter acetaminophen or ibuprofen for mild pain and prescription medications for diseases or other underlying causes.
  • Back brace support until an injury heals.
Feb 14, 2023

What does it mean when your leg gives out and you fall? ›

When your leg gives out it may a signal that you have problems brewing. Weakness in the leg can arise from three principal causes: nerve problems, muscle weakness, and SI joint dysfunction. Treatment is best directed at the underlying problem.

Why do my legs feel like they are going to give out? ›

Weakness in your leg(s) may occur from problems in the nerves and/or muscles in your lower body and is usually treatable. Rarely, the underlying cause may be a serious medical condition requiring immediate medical attention. A feeling of sudden weakness in the legs may be due to nerve and/or muscle dysfunction.

What autoimmune disease causes weakness in legs? ›

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own neuromuscular connections. This causes problems with communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness. MG affects the voluntary muscles of the body, especially the eyes, mouth, throat, and limbs.

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